Optimization of the Passivation Process for AM 350 and CUSTOM 450 Stainless Steels Using Taguchi Methodology and Gray Relational Analysis

Almeraya Calderón, Facundo y Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel y Villegas Tovar, José Miguel y Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio y Maldonado Bandala, Erick y Lara Banda, María del Refugio y Baltazar García, Brenda Paola y Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver y Méndez Ramírez, Ce Tochtli y Olguín Coca, Javier y Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli (2026) Optimization of the Passivation Process for AM 350 and CUSTOM 450 Stainless Steels Using Taguchi Methodology and Gray Relational Analysis. Materials, 19 (9). pp. 1-29. ISSN 1996-1944

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URL o página oficial: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091846

Resumen

This study presents research on optimizing the parameters of the passivation process for precipitation-hardening stainless steels (PHSS) to improve the corrosion resistance of AM350 and CUSTOM 450 alloys, which are extensively utilized in the aerospace and aviation sectors, since, as this is a complex process, it requires the implementation of a robust methodological approach that allows for multi-response optimization. Experiments were designed using the Taguchi method, which offered a strong framework for examining the impact of material, type of passivation solution, concentration, temperature, and passivation process time on the corrosion resistance of both PHSS alloys. To confirm the ideal PHSS passivation process parameters and measure the significance of each component, gray relational analysis (GRA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also employed. The combined use of the Taguchi/GRA represents a robust and efficient methodological approach to the multi-response optimization of complex processes, overcoming the limitations inherent in the individual application of each technique. It was determined that the optimized parameters were a PHSS AM 350, a solution composed of a combination of citric acid and oxalic acid, acid concentration of 25% v/v, temperature of 50 °C, and time of 120 min. This combination of parameters resulted in significant improvements of up to 55% in corrosion resistance in the H2SO4 and NaCl evaluation solutions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the optimized conditions. This work emphasizes the efficacy of integrating Taguchi, GRA, and ANOVA techniques to significantly reduce the corrosion rate of PHSS undergoing the passivation process using alternatives to nitric acid. The integration of the Taguchi methodology with GRA enables the normalization and combination of responses with different scales and performance criteria into a single gray relational index, facilitating the overall evaluation of the system.

Tipo de elemento:

Article

Palabras claves no controlados:

Resistencia a la corrosión; Recubrimientos de conversión; Protección; Aeronáutica

Materias:

T Tecnología > TN Ingeniería Minera. Metalurgia

Divisiones:

Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica > Doctorado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Aeronáutica

Usuario depositante:

Dra Citlalli Gaona

Creadores:

Creador	Email	ORCID
Almeraya Calderón, Facundo	facundo.almerayacl@uanl.edu.mx	orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-2814
Cabral Miramontes, José Ángel	NO ESPECIFICADO	orcid.org/0000-0003-1483-3081
Villegas Tovar, José Miguel	miguel.villegastvr@uanl.edu.mx	NO ESPECIFICADO
Nieves Mendoza, Demetrio	NO ESPECIFICADO	NO ESPECIFICADO
Maldonado Bandala, Erick	NO ESPECIFICADO	NO ESPECIFICADO
Lara Banda, María del Refugio	NO ESPECIFICADO	NO ESPECIFICADO
Baltazar García, Brenda Paola	NO ESPECIFICADO	NO ESPECIFICADO
Samaniego Gámez, Pedro Oliver	NO ESPECIFICADO	NO ESPECIFICADO
Méndez Ramírez, Ce Tochtli	NO ESPECIFICADO	NO ESPECIFICADO
Olguín Coca, Javier	NO ESPECIFICADO	NO ESPECIFICADO
Gaona Tiburcio, Citlalli	citlalli.gaonatbr@uanl.edu.mx	orcid.org/0000-0001-9072-3090