Did Trade Liberalization Help Women? The Case of México in the 1990s

Aguayo Téllez, Ernesto y Airola, Jim y Juhn, Chinhui y Villegas Sánchez, Carolina (2013) Did Trade Liberalization Help Women? The Case of México in the 1990s. In: Research in labor economics : New analyses of worker well-being. Esmerald, Bingley, pp. 2-39. ISBN 9781783500567

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Resumen

Abstract: With the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, Mexico entered a bilateral free trade agreement which not only lowered its own tariffs on imports but also lowered tariffs on its exports to the U.S. We find that women’s relative wage increased, particularly during the period of liberalization. Both between and within-industry shifts also favored female workers. With regards to between-industry shifts, tariff reductions expanded sectors which were initially female intensive. With regards to within-industry shifts, we find a positive association between reductions in export tariffs (U.S. tariffs on Mexican goods) and hiring of women in skilled blue-collar occupations. Finally, we find suggestive evidence that household bargaining power shifted in favor of women. Expenditures shifted from goods associated with male preference, such as men’s clothing and tobacco and alcohol, to those associated with female preference such as women’s clothing and education

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