Molecular assessment of the fecal microbiota in healthy cats and dogs before and during supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin using high-throughput 454-pyrosequencing

García Mazcorro, José Francisco y Bárcenas Walls, José R. y Suchodolski, Jan S. y Steiner, Jörg M. (2017) Molecular assessment of the fecal microbiota in healthy cats and dogs before and during supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin using high-throughput 454-pyrosequencing. PeerJ, 5. pp. 1-26. ISSN 2167-8359

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ABSTRACT Prebiotics are selectively fermentable dietary compounds that result in changes in the composition and/or activity of the intestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefits upon host health. In veterinary medicine, commercially available products containing prebiotics have not been well studied with regard to the changes they trigger on the composition of the gut microbiota. This study evaluated the effect of a commercially available nutraceutical containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin on the fecal microbiota of healthy cats and dogs when administered for 16 days. Fecal samples were collected at two time points before and at two time points during prebioticadministration.TotalgenomicDNAwasobtainedfromfecalsamplesand454pyrosequencingwasusedfor16SrRNAgenebacterialprofiling.Thelineardiscriminant analysis(LDA)effectsize(LEfSe)methodwasusedfordetectingbacterialtaxathatmay respond(i.e.,increaseordecreaseinitsrelativeabundance)toprebioticadministration. Prebioticadministrationwasassociatedwithagoodacceptanceandnosideeffects(e.g., diarrhea)werereportedbytheowners.Alowdoseofprebiotics(50mLtotalregardless of body weight with the end product containing 0.45% of prebiotics) revealed a lower abundanceofGammaproteobacteriaandahigherabundanceofVeillonellaceaeduring prebiotic administration in cats, while Staphylococcaceae showed a higher abundance during prebiotic administration in dogs. These differences were not sufficient to separatebacterialcommunitiesasshownbyanalysisofweightedUniFracdistancemetrics.A predictiveapproachofthefecalbacterialmetagenomeusingPhylogeneticInvestigation ofCommunitiesbyReconstructionofUnobservedStates(PICRUSt)alsodidnotreveal differences between the period before and during prebiotic administration. A second trial using a higher dose of prebiotics (3.2 mL/kg body weight with the end product containing 3.1% of prebiotics) was tested in dogs and revealed a lower abundance of Dorea (family Clostridiaceae) and a higher abundance of Megamonas and other (unknown) members of Veillonellaceae during prebiotic administration. Again, these changes were not sufficient to separate bacterial communities or predicted metabolic profiles according to treatment. A closer analysis of bacterial communities at all timepoints revealed highly individualized patterns of variation. This study shows a high interindividual variation of fecal bacterial communities from pet cats and dogs, that these communities are relatively stable over time, and that some of this variation can be attributable to prebiotic administration, a phenomenon that may be affected by the amount of the prebiotic administered in the formulation. This study also provides insights into the response of gut bacterial communities in pet cats and dogs during administrationofcommerciallyavailableproductscontainingprebiotics.Morestudies are needed to explore potentially beneficial effects on host health beyond changes in bacterial communities. Subjects Bioinformatics,Microbiology,VeterinaryMedicine,GastroenterologyandHepatology, Nutrition Keywords Microbiota,Prebiotics,Health,16SrRNAgene,Fructo-oligosaccharides,Inulin, Feline,Canine,Veterinarymedicine,Gastrointestinalhealth

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