Extensive Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as a Resourceful Tool for SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in a Low-to-Middle-Income Country through a Successful Collaborative Quest: WBE, Mobility, and Clinical Tests

Sosa Hernández, Juan Eduardo y Oyervides Muñoz, Mariel Araceli y Melchor Martínez, Elda Madai y Driver, Erin M. y Bowes, Devin A. y Kraberger, Simona y Lucero Saucedo, Sofia Liliana y Fontenele, Rafaela S. y Parra Arroyo, Lizeth y Holland, LaRinda A. y Peña Benavides, Samantha Ayde y Newell, Melanie Engstrom y Martínez Ruiz, Manuel y Adhikari, Sangeet y Rodas Zuluaga, Laura Isabel y Kumar, Rahul y López Pacheco, Itzel Y. y Castillo Zacarías, Carlos Jesús y Iqbal, Hafiz M.N. y Lim, Efrem S. y Salas Limón, Daniel y Varsani, Arvind y Halden, Rolf U. y Parra Saldívar, Roberto (2022) Extensive Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as a Resourceful Tool for SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in a Low-to-Middle-Income Country through a Successful Collaborative Quest: WBE, Mobility, and Clinical Tests. Water, 14 (12). pp. 1-12. ISSN 2073-4441

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Resumen

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems worldwide. Efforts in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) cannot keep stride with infection rates, especially during peaks. A strong international collaboration between Arizona State University (ASU), Tec de Monterrey (TEC), and Servicios de Agua y Drenaje de Monterrey (Local Water Utilities) is acting to integrate wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 in the region as a complementary approach to aid the healthcare system. Wastewater was collected from four sewer catchments in the Monterrey Metropolitan area in Mexico (pop. 4,643,232) from mid-April 2020 to February 2021 (44 weeks, n = 644). Raw wastewater was filtered and filter-concentrated, the RNA was extracted using columns, and the Charité/Berlin protocol was used for the RT-qPCR. The viral loads obtained between the first (June 2020) and second waves (February 2021) of the pandemic were similar; in contrast, the clinical cases were fewer during the first wave, indicating poor coverage. During the second wave of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 quantification in wastewater increased 14 days earlier than the COVID-19 clinical cases reported. This is the first long-term WBE study in Mexico and demonstrates its value in pandemic management.

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